add scripts for Blatt01 and Notes
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@ -1,12 +1,5 @@
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## router table
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| device | eth | ip |
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| ------- | ---- | ----------- |
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| PC1 | eth1 | 10.5.0.2/24 |
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| PC2 | eth1 | 10.5.1.2/24 |
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| router1 | eth1 | 10.5.0.1/24 |
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| router2 | eth1 | 10.5.1.1/24 |
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router -> router
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```
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@ -163,7 +156,51 @@ listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), snapshot length 262144 bytes
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### 主要工具：`ip`
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## A103
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### router table
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router1
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```
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ip route show
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10.5.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.1.2
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10.5.2.0/24 dev eth2 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.2.1
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10.5.3.0/24 via 10.5.2.2 dev eth2
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192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.7
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```
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pc1
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```
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ip route
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10.5.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.1.1
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10.5.3.0/24 via 10.5.1.2 dev eth1
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192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.1
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```
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router2
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```
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ip route
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10.5.1.0/24 via 10.5.2.1 dev eth2
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10.5.2.0/24 dev eth2 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.2.2
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10.5.3.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.3.2
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192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.12
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```
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pc2
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```
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root@pc2:~# ip route
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10.5.1.0/24 via 10.5.3.2 dev eth1
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10.5.3.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.5.3.1
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192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.3
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```
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## `ip`
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**`ip`** 是 IPRoute2 工具集中最常用的命令，能够管理和配置 IP 地址、路由、链路等多种网络参数。与旧版的 `ifconfig` 和 `route` 命令相比，`ip` 更加灵活和强大。
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48
Blatt01/scripts/checkip.sh
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48
Blatt01/scripts/checkip.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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show_ip(){
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local output=$1
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ips=()
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interfaces=()
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# echo $output
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while read -r line; do
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ip=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1)
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interface=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $5}')
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ips+=("$ip")
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interfaces+=("$interface")
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done <<< "$output"
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for i in "${!ips[@]}"; do
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echo "${ips[i]} ${interfaces[i]}"
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done
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}
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filename="output/output_$(date +'%m-%d_%H-%M-%S').txt"
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echo $(date +'%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')
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echo ' ' > $filename
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ip_cmd='ip address show | grep 10.5'
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for num in {1..4}
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do
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echo "router$num" >> $filename
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echo "router$num"
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ip_output=$(ssh router$num $ip_cmd)
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ips=()
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interfaces=()
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result=$(show_ip "$ip_output")
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echo $result
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echo $result >> $filename
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done
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for num in {1..3}
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do
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echo "pc$num" >> $filename
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echo "pc$num"
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pc_result=$(ssh pc$num $ip_cmd)
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result=$(show_ip "$pc_result")
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echo $result >> $filename
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echo $result
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done
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103
Blatt01/scripts/testpc.sh
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103
Blatt01/scripts/testpc.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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show_ip(){
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local output=$1
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ips=()
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interfaces=()
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echo $output
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while read -r line; do
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ip=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1)
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interface=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $5}')
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ips+=("$ip")
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interfaces+=("$interface")
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done <<< "$output"
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for i in "${!ips[@]}"; do
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echo "${ips[i]} ${interfaces[i]}"
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done
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}
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ip_cmd='ip address show | grep 10.5'
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sender_ip='10.5.1.1/24'
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rec_ip='10.5.1.2/24'
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rec_ip_no_code='10.5.1.2'
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senders=()
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recs=()
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sender_eths=()
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rec_eths=()
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losses=()
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sender_type="${1:-router}"
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receiver_type="${2:-router}"
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if [ "$sender_type" = "router" ]; then
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sender_ub=4
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else
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sender_ub=3
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fi
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if [ "$receiver_type" = "router" ]; then
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rec_ub=4
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else
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rec_ub=3
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fi
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for sender in $(seq 1 $sender_ub);
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do
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sender_eth_nums=$(ssh $sender_type$sender "ip address show" | grep -c '^.*eth[0-9]:')
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sender_eth_nums=$(($sender_eth_nums-1))
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echo "$sender_type$sender has $sender_eth_nums eths"
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for sender_eth_num in $(seq 1 $sender_eth_nums);
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do
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# turn on the device
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ssh $sender_type$sender "ip link set dev eth$sender_eth_num up"
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ssh $sender_type$sender "ip address add $sender_ip dev eth$sender_eth_num"
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# for receiver in {1..4}
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for receiver in $(seq 1 $rec_ub);
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do
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receiver_eth_nums=$(ssh $receiver_type$receiver "ip address show" | grep -c '^.*eth[0-9]:')
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receiver_eth_nums=$(($receiver_eth_nums-1))
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echo "$receiver_type$receiver has $receiver_eth_nums eths"
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if [ "$sender_type" = "$receiver_type" ]; then
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if [ "$sender" -eq "$receiver" ]; then
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continue
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fi
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fi
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for receiver_eth_num in $(seq 1 $receiver_eth_nums);
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do
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ssh $receiver_type$receiver "ip link set dev eth$receiver_eth_num up"
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ssh $receiver_type$receiver "ip address add $rec_ip dev eth$receiver_eth_num"
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echo "sen $sender_type$sender eth$sender_eth_num ip $sender_ip"
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echo "rec $receiver_type$receiver eth$receiver_eth_num ip $rec_ip"
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ip_output=$(ssh $sender_type$sender $ip_cmd)
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result=$(show_ip "$ip_output")
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echo $result
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# test loss
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loss=$(ssh $sender_type$sender "ping -c 5 -W 2 -I eth$sender_eth_num $rec_ip_no_code | awk -F', ' '/packet loss/ {print \$3}' | awk '{print int(\$1)}'")
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echo $loss
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if [ "$loss" -ne 100 ]; then
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senders+=("$sender")
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recs+=("$receiver")
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sender_eths+=("$sender_eth_num")
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rec_eths+=("$receiver_eth_num")
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losses+=("$loss")
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fi
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ssh $receiver_type$receiver "ip address del 10.5.1.2/24 dev eth$receiver_eth_num"
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done
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done
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ssh $sender_type$sender "ip address del 10.5.1.1/24 dev eth$sender_eth_num"
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done
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done
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echo "results"
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printf "%-10s %-15s %-12s %-15s %-10s\n" "sender #" "sender eth #" "receiver #" "receiver eth #" "losses #"
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for i in "${!senders[@]}"; do
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printf "%-10s %-15s %-12s %-15s %-10s\n" "${senders[i]}" "${sender_eths[i]}" "${recs[i]}" "${rec_eths[i]}" "${losses[i]}"
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done
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# printf "sender #\t sender eth #\t receiver # \t receiver eth # \t losses # \t\n"
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# for i in "${!senders[@]}"; do
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# printf "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n" "${senders[i]}" "${sender_eths[i]}" "${recs[i]}" "${rec_eths[i]}" "${losses[i]}"
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# done
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63
Notes.md
63
Notes.md
@ -359,69 +359,6 @@ v) 配置路由，使得从 `pc1` 到 `pc2` 的数据**总是**通过 `router4`
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---
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## Questions
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#### 1.为什么不能用10.5.0.0
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在分配IP地址时，使用 10.5.0.0 这样的地址可能会引发一些问题，尤其是当地址的最后两位是 .0 时，这通常与网络地址的概念相关。这里是详细的解释：
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**1. 网络地址的冲突：**
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• 10.5.0.0 可能被解释为 **网络地址**，特别是如果使用的子网掩码是 255.255.0.0（即 /16）。网络地址是用于标识整个网络或子网，而不是分配给具体的设备。使用这种地址可能导致路由器或其他网络设备无法正常识别该地址，因为它通常代表的是子网本身，而不是子网中的具体主机。
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• 通常，IP地址的最后一位为 .0 的地址是保留给子网地址的，这表示整个子网的范围。
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**2. 广播地址的潜在问题：**
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• 10.5.0.255 可能被解释为 **广播地址**，用于向整个子网内的所有设备发送消息。同样，如果你使用类似 10.5.0.x 的地址而配置不正确，可能会造成网络上的混淆，因为网络设备可能认为它在处理广播流量，而不是具体的设备通信。
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**3. 子网的计算和划分：**
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在IP地址分配中，子网掩码会将一个地址分为 **网络部分** 和 **主机部分**。如果子网掩码的定义范围较大，比如 /16，那么 10.5.0.0 这个地址表示的是整个 10.5.x.x 子网，而不是一个具体的主机IP。
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• **网络地址**（如 10.5.0.0）是子网的标识，不能用于分配给主机。
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• **广播地址**（如 10.5.0.255）用于在子网内广播消息，也不能分配给主机。
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**4. 惯例和规范：**
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通常情况下，网络管理员会避免将子网的第一个地址（如 .0）和最后一个地址（如 .255）分配给设备。这是因为这些地址分别表示 **网络地址** 和 **广播地址**，用于路由和管理目的，而不是用于具体的设备通信。
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**结论：**
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• 10.5.0.0 可能会被解释为网络地址，而不是主机地址，因此不推荐用作设备的IP地址。
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• 避免使用 .0 和 .255 作为分配给主机的地址，因为这些地址通常是保留用于网络管理的特殊地址。
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为确保网络正常运行，建议使用子网范围内的中间地址（如 10.5.0.1 或 10.5.1.1），避免网络地址和广播地址的冲突。
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如果你有更多关于IP分配或网络设计的问题，随时告诉我！
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## Appendix
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